Larry G. Mastin
2017
Plots of Wind Patterns for the World’s Volcanoes
kmz file, with links to online graphics
Vancouver, WA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XKT
This product includes rose diagrams and tables of wind patterns at volcanoes listed in the Smithsonian Institution’s Volcanoes of the World Database. At each volcano, the speed and direction of wind above the volcano were read from output of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 model, at twice-daily intervals from January 1, 1990 to December 28, 2009. These results were then plotted as 20 wind rose diagrams, divided into four seasons and five elevation intervals, and as one summary plot for year-round winds at 0-5 km elevation above sea level. Rose petals indicate the downwind direction of the wind vector. These rose diagrams are wrapped into a single zip file for each volcano. Also included in the zip file are five text files, for elevation intervals (above sea level) of 0-5, 5-11, 11-16, 16-24, and 24-40km, which give wind vectors, twice daily (at 0000 and 1200 UTC) over the 1990-2010 time range. The rose diagrams are accessible through the attached kmz file, which opens in Google Earth, or as hypertext links in the attached html table. In the kmz file, placemarks at each volcano can be opened to reveal the summary wind rose diagram, along with a link to the page containing the other data.
Data were compiled for use by decision-makers during volcanic unrest. These patterns allow decision makers to evaluate areas at risk from tephra fall or ash clouds during volcanic eruptions.
2017
publication date
Not planned
-180.000
180.000
90.000
-90.000
None
wind
volcanic activity
volcanic eruption
volcano observatories
volcano monitoring
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:5847137ee4b0f34b016ff271
Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program (http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-2013)
West Eifel Volcanic Field
Chaine des Puys
Olot Volcanic Field
Calatrava Volcanic Field
Larderello
Vulsini
Alban Hills
Campi Flegrei
Vesuvius
Ischia
Palinuro
Stromboli
Panarea
Lipari
Vulcano
Etna
Campi Flegrei Mar Sicilia
Pantelleria
Marsili
Amiata
Methana
Milos
Santorini
Nisyros
Yali
Kos
Kula
Karapinar Field
Hasan Dagi
Gollu Dag
Acigol-Nevsehir
Erciyes Dagi
Karaca Dag
Nemrut Dagi
Tenduruk Dagi
Ararat
Elbrus
Kazbek
Samsari Volcanic Center
Aragats
Ghegam Ridge
Dar-Alages
Porak
Tskhouk-Karckar
Tair, Jebel at
Zubair Group
Zukur
Hanish
Jalua
Alid
Dallol
Gada Ale
Alu-Dalafilla
Bora Ale
Erta Ale
Ale Bagu
Hayli Gubbi
Dubbi
Nabro
Mallahle
Sork Ale
Asavyo
Mat Ala
Tat Ali
Borawli
Afdera
Ma Alalta
Alayta
Dabbahu
Dabbayra
Manda Hararo
Groppo
Kurub
Borawli
Manda-Inakir
Mousa Alli
Gufa
Assab Volcanic Field
Ardoukoba
Manda Gargori
Dama Ali
Gabillema
Yangudi
Ayelu
Adwa
Hertali
Liado Hayk
Dofan
Fentale
Beru
Kone
Unnamed
Boset-Bericha
Bishoftu Volcanic Field
Sodore
Gedamsa
Bora-Bericcio
Tullu Moje
Unnamed
East Zway
Butajiri-Silti Field
Alutu
O'a Caldera
Corbetti Caldera
Bilate River Field
Tepi
Hobicha Caldera
Chiracha
Tosa Sucha
Unnamed
Korath Range
Mega Basalt Field
North Island
Central Island
South Island
Marsabit
Barrier, The
Namarunu
Segererua Plateau
Emuruangogolak
Silali
Paka
Korosi
Ol Kokwe
Nyambeni Hills
Menengai
Homa Mountain
Elmenteita Badlands
Eburru, Ol Doinyo
Olkaria
Longonot
Suswa
Lengai, Ol Doinyo
Chyulu Hills
Kilimanjaro
Meru
Igwisi Hills
Unnamed
SW Usangu Basin
Ngozi
Izumbwe-Mpoli
Rungwe
Kyejo
Bogoria
Fort Portal
Kyatwa
Katwe-Kikorongo
Bunyaruguru
Katunga
Nyamuragira
Nyiragongo
Karisimbi
Visoke
Muhavura
Bufumbira
Tshibinda
Sao Tome
San Carlos
San Joaquin
Santa Isabel
Cameroon
Tombel Graben
Oku Volcanic Field
Ngaoundere Plateau
Biu Plateau
Todra Volcanic Field
Tin Zaouatene Volcanic Field
In Ezzane Volcanic Field
Tahalra Volcanic Field
Atakor Volcanic Field
Manzaz Volcanic Field
Toh, Tarso
Tousside, Tarso
Voon, Tarso
Koussi, Emi
Marra, Jebel
Kutum Volcanic Field
Meidob Volcanic Field
Bayuda Volcanic Field
Sharat Kovakab
Unnamed
Harrat Ash Shamah
Rahah, Harrat ar
Uwayrid, Harrat
Lunayyir, Harrat
Ithnayn, Harrat
Khaybar, Harrat
Rahat, Harrat
Kishb, Harrat
Birk, Harrat al
Yar, Jabal
Arhab, Harra of
Marha, Jabal el-
Haylan, Jabal
Dhamar, Harras of
Sawad, Harra Es-
Bal Haf, Harra of
Bir Borhut
Sahand
Sabalan
Damavand
Qal'eh Hasan Ali
Bazman
Kuh-e Nader
Taftan
Grille, La
Mayotte Island
Karthala
Ambre-Bobaomby
Nosy-Be
Ankaizina Field
Itasy Volcanic Field
Ankaratra Field
Fournaise, Piton de la
Boomerang Seamount
Amsterdam Island
St. Paul
Heard
McDonald Islands
Kerguelen Islands
Est, Ile de l'
Possession, Ile de la
Cochons, Ile aux
Prince Edward Island
Marion Island
Kaikohe-Bay of Islands
Whangarei
Auckland Field
Mayor Island
Taranaki [Egmont]
White Island
Okataina
Reporoa
Maroa
Taupo
Tongariro
Ruapehu
Clark
Tangaroa
Rumble V
Rumble IV
Rumble III
Rumble II West
Healy
Brothers
Moutohora Island
Rotorua
Wright
Havre Seamount
Curtis Island
Macauley
Giggenbach
Raoul Island
Monowai
Unnamed
Unnamed
Unnamed
Unnamed
Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai
Falcon Island
Tofua
Kao
Metis Shoal
Home Reef
Late
Unnamed
Fonualei
Tafahi
Curacoa
Niuafo'ou
Dugong
Lobster
Tafu-Maka
West Mata
Niuatahi
Vailulu'u
Ta'u
Ofu-Olosega
Tutuila
Upolu
Savai'i
Wallis Islands
Taveuni
Koro
Nabukelevu
St. Andrew Strait
Baluan
Unnamed
Blup Blup
Kadovar
Bam
Boisa
Manam
Karkar
Hankow Reef
Long Island
Umboi
Ritter Island
Sakar
Langila
Mundua
Garove
Dakataua
Bola
Garua Harbour
Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker
Lolo
Witori
Sulu Range
Hargy
Bamus
Ulawun
Lolobau
Rabaul
Tavui
Narage
Doma Peaks
Yelia
Koranga
Madilogo
Lamington
Hydrographers Range
Managlase Plateau
Victory
Sessagara
Waiowa
Goodenough
Iamalele
Dawson Strait Group
Lihir
Ambitle
Tanga
Tore
Balbi
Billy Mitchell
Bagana
Takuan Group
Loloru
Simbo
Kana Keoki
Coleman Seamount
Kavachi
Unnamed
Gallego
Savo
Nonda
Tinakula
Motlav
Suretamatai
Gaua
Mere Lava
Aoba
Ambrym
Lopevi
Epi
Kuwae
Unnamed
North Vate
Traitor's Head
Yasur
Aneityum
Eastern Gemini Seamount
Matthew Island
Hunter Island
Newer Volcanics Province
Narcondum
Barren Island
Seulawah Agam
Peuet Sague
Telong, Bur ni
Singkut
Sinabung
Toba
Sibualbuali
Lubukraya
Sorikmarapi
Malintang
Talakmau
Sarik-Gajah
Marapi
Tandikat-Singgalang
Talang
Kerinci
Kunyit
Hutapanjang
Sumbing
Pendan
Belirang-Beriti
Daun, Bukit
Kaba
Dempo
Patah
Lumut Balai, Bukit
Besar
Ranau
Sekincau Belirang
Suoh
Hulubelu
Rajabasa
Pulau Weh
Geureudong
Kembar
Krakatau
Pulosari
Karang
Perbakti-Gagak
Salak
Gede-Pangrango
Patuha
Wayang-Windu
Tangkubanparahu
Papandayan
Kendang
Guntur
Tampomas
Galunggung
Talagabodas
Cereme
Slamet
Dieng Volcanic Complex
Sundoro
Sumbing
Ungaran
Telomoyo
Merbabu
Merapi
Muria
Lawu
Wilis
Kelut
Kawi-Butak
Arjuno-Welirang
Penanggungan
Malang Plain
Semeru
Tengger Caldera
Lamongan
Lurus
Iyang-Argapura
Raung
Ijen
Baluran
Kamojang, Kawah
Buyan-Bratan
Batur
Agung
Rinjani
Tambora
Sangeang Api
Sano, Wai
Poco Leok
Ranakah
Inierie
Inielika
Ebulobo
Iya
Sukaria Caldera
Kelimutu
Paluweh
Egon
Ilimuda
Lewotobi
Leroboleng
Iliboleng
Lewotolo
Ililabalekan
Iliwerung
Tara, Batu
Sirung
Ilikedeka
Gunungapi Wetar
Wurlali
Teon
Nila
Serua
Manuk
Banda Api
Colo
Ambang
Soputan
Riendengan-Sempu
Tondano Caldera
Lokon-Empung
Mahawu
Klabat
Tangkoko-Duasudara
Ruang
Karangetang
Banua Wuhu
Awu
Tarakan
Dukono
Tobaru
Ibu
Gamkonora
Todoko-Ranu
Jailolo
Hiri
Gamalama
Tidore
Mare
Moti
Makian
Tigalalu
Amasing
Bibinoi
Bombalai
Jolo
Balut
Parker
Matutum
Apo
Leonard Range
Makaturing
Latukan
Ragang
Kalatungan
Musuan
Malindang
Balatukan
Camiguin
Paco-Maniayao
Cuernos de Negros
Kanlaon
Mandalagan
Silay
Cabalían
Mahagnao
Biliran
Bulusan
Pocdol Mountains
Mayon
Masaraga
Iriga
Isarog
Malindig
Banahaw
San Pablo Volcanic Field
Taal
Laguna Caldera
Mariveles
Natib
Pinatubo
Arayat
Amorong
Santo Tomas
Patoc
Ambalatungan Group
Cagua
Malinao
Labo
Panay
Camiguin de Babuyanes
Didicas
Babuyan Claro
Unnamed
Iraya
Hainan Dao
Leizhou Bandao
Cu-Lao Re Group
Toroeng Prong
Haut Dong Nai
Bas Dong Nai
Cendres, Ile des
Veteran
Popa
Lower Chindwin
Singu Plateau
Tengchong
Unnamed
Unnamed
Kueishantao
Tatun Group
Submarine Volcano NNE of Iriomotejima
Io-Torishima
Yokoate-jima
Akuseki-jima
Suwanosejima
Nakanoshima
Kogaja-jima
Kuchinoshima
Kuchinoerabujima
Kikai
Ata
Aira
Yonemaru-Sumiyoshiike
Kirishimayama
Fukue
Unzendake
Asosan
Kujusan
Yufu-Tsurumi
Abu
Sanbesan
Oki-Dogo
Izu-Tobu
Hakoneyama
Fujisan
Yokodake
Ontakesan
Hakusan
Norikuradake
Akandanayama
Yakedake
Washiba-Kumonotaira
Midagahara
Niigata-Yakeyama
Myokosan
Asamayama
Kusatsu-Shiranesan
Shiga
Harunasan
Akagisan
Hiuchigatake
Nikko-Shiranesan
Nantai
Omanago Group
Takaharayama
Nasudake
Numazawa
Bandaisan
Adatarayama
Azumayama
Zaozan
Hijiori
Naruko
Kurikomayama
Chokaisan
Akita-Komagatake
Iwatesan
Hachimantai
Akita-Yakeyama
Megata
Iwakisan
Towada
Hakkodasan
Osorezan
Onikobe
Mutsu-Hiuchi-dake
Izu-Oshima
Toshima
Niijima
Kozushima
Miyakejima
Mikurajima
Kurose Hole
Hachijojima
Aogashima
Kita-Bayonnaise
Myojinsho
Sumisujima
Izu-Torishima
Sofugan
Suiyo Seamount
Mokuyo Seamount
Doyo Seamount
Nishinoshima
Kaikata Seamount
Kaitoku Seamount
Kita-Ioto
Ioto
Kita-Fukutokutai
Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba
Minami Hiyoshi
Nikko
Fukujin
Kasuga 1
Kasuga 2
NW Eifuku
Daikoku
Farallon de Pajaros
Ahyi
Supply Reef
Maug Islands
Asuncion
Agrigan
Pagan
Alamagan
Guguan
Zealandia Bank
Sarigan
South Sarigan Seamount
Anatahan
East Diamante
Ruby
Esmeralda Bank
NW Rota-1
Forecast Seamount
Seamount X
Mariana Back-Arc Segment at 15.5°N
Oshima-Oshima
Esan
Hokkaido-Komagatake
Toya
Niseko
Yoteizan
Kuttara
Shikotsu
Rishirizan
Tokachidake
Taisetsuzan
Maruyama
Shikaribetsu Group
Akan
Kussharo
Mashu
Rausudake
Tenchozan
Shiretoko-Iozan
Nigorikawa
Tomariyama [Golovnin]
Raususan [Mendeleev]
Ruruidake [Smirnov]
Chachadake [Tiatia]
Berutarubesan [Berutarube]
Moekeshiwan [Lvinaya Past]
Etorofu-Atosanupuri [Atosanupuri]
Nishihitokappuyama [Bogatyr Ridge]
Unnamed
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group]
Odamoisan [Tebenkov]
Sashiusudake [Baransky]
Chirippusan [Chirip]
Rucharuyama [Golets-Tornyi Group]
Moyorodake [Medvezhia]
Rakkibetsudake [Demon]
Ivao Group
Rudakov
Tri Sestry
Kolokol Group
Chirpoi
Unnamed
Milna
Zavaritzki Caldera
Prevo Peak
Uratman
Ketoi
Ushishur
Srednii
Rasshua
Unnamed
Sarychev Peak
Raikoke
Chirinkotan
Ekarma
Sinarka
Kharimkotan
Tao-Rusyr Caldera
Nemo Peak
Shirinki
Fuss Peak
Karpinsky Group
Chikurachki
Vernadskii Ridge
Ebeko
Alaid
Kuntomintar
Mashkovtsev
Kambalny
Koshelev
Yavinsky
Diky Greben
Kurile Lake
Iliinsky
Zheltovsky
Kell
Belenkaya
Ksudach
Ozernoy
Olkoviy Volcanic Group
Khodutka
Piratkovsky
Ostanets
Otdelniy
Golaya
Asacha
Visokiy
Mutnovsky
Gorely
Opala
Unnamed
Tolmachev Dol
Vilyuchik
Barkhatnaya Sopka
Unnamed
Unnamed
Bolshe-Bannaya
Koryaksky
Avachinsky
Dzenzursky
Zhupanovsky
Veer
Kostakan
Bakening
Zavaritsky
Akademia Nauk
Karymsky
Maly Semyachik
Bolshoi Semiachik
Taunshits
Uzon
Kikhpinych
Krasheninnikov
Kronotsky
Schmidt
Gamchen
Komarov
Vysoky
Kizimen
Tolbachik
Udina
Zimina
Bezymianny
Kamen
Klyuchevskoy
Ushkovsky
Sheveluch
Piip
Khangar
Cherpuk Group
Ichinsky
Maly Payalpan
Bolshoi Payalpan
Plosky
Akhtang
Kozyrevsky
Romanovka
Uksichan
Bolshoi-Kekuknaysky
Kulkev
Geodesistoy
Anaun
Krainy
Kekurny
Eggella
Unnamed
Verkhovoy
Alney-Chashakondzha
Cherny
Pogranychny
Zaozerny
Bliznets
Kebeney
Fedotych
Shisheika
Terpuk
Sedankinsky
Leutongey
Tuzovsky
Gorny Institute
Kinenin
Bliznetsy
Titila
Mezhdusopochny
Shishel
Elovsky
Alngey
Uka
Kaileney
Plosky
Bely
Nylgimelkin
Snezhniy
Iktunup
Spokoiny
Ostry
Snegovoy
Severny
Iettunup
Voyampolsky
Udokan Plateau
Vitim Plateau
Tunkin Depression
Jom-Bolok
Azas Plateau
Taryatu-Chulutu
Khanuy Gol
Bus-Obo
Dariganga Volcanic Field
Middle Gobi
Tianshan Volcanic Group
Kunlun Volcanic Group
Honggeertu
Arshan
Keluo Group
Wudalianchi
Jingbo
Longgang Group
Changbaishan
Xianjindao
Ch'uga-ryong
Ulreung
Halla
Buldir
Kiska
Segula
Davidof
Little Sitkin
Semisopochnoi
Gareloi
Tanaga
Takawangha
Bobrof
Kanaga
Moffett
Great Sitkin
Kasatochi
Koniuji
Atka
Korovin
Seguam
Amukta
Chagulak
Yunaska
Herbert
Carlisle
Cleveland
Tana
Uliaga
Kagamil
Vsevidof
Recheschnoi
Okmok
Bogoslof
Makushin
Akutan
Westdahl
Fisher
Shishaldin
Isanotski
Roundtop
Amak
Adagdak
Frosty
Dutton
Emmons Lake
Pavlof
Pavlof Sister
Dana
Stepovak Bay 2
Stepovak Bay 3
Stepovak Bay 4
Kupreanof
Veniaminof
Black Peak
Aniakchak
Yantarni
Chiginagak
Kialagvik
Ugashik-Peulik
Ukinrek Maars
Unnamed
Martin
Mageik
Trident
Katmai
Novarupta
Griggs
Snowy Mountain
Denison
Steller
Kukak
Kaguyak
Fourpeaked
Douglas
Augustine
Iliamna
Redoubt
Spurr
Hayes
St. Paul Island
Ingakslugwat Hills
St. Michael
Imuruk Lake
Buzzard Creek
Wrangell
Churchill
Edgecumbe
Duncan Canal
Tlevak Strait-Suemez Is.
Behm Canal-Rudyerd Bay
Fort Selkirk
Alligator Lake
Atlin Volcanic Field
Tuya Volcanic Field
Heart Peaks
Level Mountain
Edziza
Spectrum Range
Hoodoo Mountain
Iskut-Unuk River Cones
Tseax River Cone
Crow Lagoon
Milbanke Sound Group
Nazko
Wells Gray-Clearwater
Silverthrone
Bridge River Cones
Meager
Garibaldi Lake
Garibaldi
Cayley Volcanic Field
Baker
Glacier Peak
Rainier
Adams
St. Helens
West Crater
Indian Heaven
Hood
Jefferson
Blue Lake Crater
Sand Mountain Field
Belknap
Three Sisters
Bachelor
Davis Lake
Newberry
Devils Garden
Cinnamon Butte
Crater Lake
Diamond Craters
Jordan Craters
Shasta
Medicine Lake
Lassen Volcanic Center
Clear Lake
Mono Lake Volcanic Field
Mono Craters
Inyo Craters
Mammoth Mountain
Ubehebe Craters
Golden Trout Creek
Coso Volcanic Field
Lavic Lake
Salton Buttes
Long Valley
Black Butte Crater Lava Field
Craters of the Moon
Wapi Lava Field
Hell's Half Acre
Yellowstone
Soda Lakes
Steamboat Springs
Markagunt Plateau
Black Rock Desert
Carrizozo
Zuni-Bandera
Valles Caldera
Dotsero
Uinkaret Field
San Francisco Volcanic Field
West Valley Segment
Endeavour Segment
Cobb Segment
CoAxial Segment
Axial Seamount
Cleft Segment
North Gorda Ridge Segment
Jackson Segment
Escanaba Segment
East Blanco Depression
Loihi
Kilauea
Mauna Loa
Mauna Kea
Hualalai
Haleakala
Teahitia
Rocard
Moua Pihaa
Mehetia
Adams Seamount
Macdonald
Northern EPR-Segment RO2
Northern EPR-Segment RO3
Unnamed
Unnamed
Galapagos Rift
Unnamed
Southern EPR-Segment K
Southern EPR-Segment J
Southern EPR-Segment I
Hollister Ridge
Udintsev Transform
Prieto, Cerro
Pinacate
San Quintin Volcanic Field
San Luis, Isla
Jaraguay Volcanic Field
Coronado
Guadalupe
San Borja Volcanic Field
Tres Virgenes
Tortuga, Isla
Comondu-La Purisima
Barcena
Socorro
Durango Volcanic Field
Isabel, Isla
Sanganguey
Ceboruco
Mascota Volcanic Field
Colima
Michoacan-Guanajuato
Zitacuaro-Valle de Bravo
Jocotitlan
Toluca, Nevado de
Chichinautzin
Papayo
Iztaccihuatl
Popocatepetl
Malinche, La
Serdan-Oriental
Humeros, Los
Atlixcos, Los
Naolinco Volcanic Field
Cofre de Perote
Gloria, La
Cumbres, Las
Orizaba, Pico de
San Martin
Chichon, El
Tacana
Aguajito, El
Púlpito, Punta
Primavera, Sierra la
Azufres, Los
Tajumulco
Santa Maria
Almolonga
Atitlan
Toliman
Acatenango
Fuego
Agua
Pacaya
Cuilapa-Barbarena
Tecuamburro
Jumaytepeque
Moyuta
Flores
Tahual
Santiago, Cerro
Suchitan
Chingo
Ixtepeque
Ipala
Chiquimula Volcanic Field
Quezaltepeque
Santo Tomas
San Diego
Singuil, Cerro
Apaneca Range
Santa Ana
Izalco
Coatepeque Caldera
San Salvador
Cinotepeque, Cerro
Guazapa
Ilopango
San Vicente
Apastepeque Field
Taburete
Tecapa
Usulutan
Tigre, El
Chinameca
San Miguel
Aramuaca, Laguna
Tigre, Isla el
Zacate Grande, Isla
Yojoa, Lake
Utila Island
Cosiguina
San Cristobal
Telica
Rota
Negro, Cerro
Pilas, Las
Momotombo
Apoyeque
Nejapa-Miraflores
Masaya
Granada
Mombacho
Zapatera
Concepcion
Esteli
Ciguatepe, Cerro el
Lajas, Las
Azul, Volcan
Orosi
Rincon de la Vieja
Miravalles
Tenorio
Arenal
Platanar
Poas
Barva
Irazu
Turrialba
Baru
Valle, El
Yeguada, La
San Diego
Escondido, El
Romeral
Bravo, Cerro
Ruiz, Nevado del
Santa Isabel
Tolima, Nevado del
Machin
Huila, Nevado del
Purace
Sotara
Petacas
Dona Juana
Galeras
Azufral
Cumbal
Chiles-Cerro Negro
Soche
Chachimbiro
Cuicocha
Imbabura
Mojanda
Cayambe
Reventador
Pululagua
Guagua Pichincha
Atacazo
Chacana
Antisana
Aliso
Sumaco
Illiniza
Cotopaxi
Quilotoa
Chimborazo
Tungurahua
Licto
Sangay
Fernandina
Ecuador
Wolf
Darwin
Alcedo
Negra, Sierra
Azul, Cerro
Pinta
Marchena
Genovesa
Santiago
Santa Cruz
San Cristóbal
Santa Fe
Quimsachata
Auquihuato, Cerro
Sara Sara
Coropuna
Andahua-Orcopampa
Huambo
Sabancaya
Chachani, Nevado
Nicholson, Cerro
Misti, El
Ubinas
Huaynaputina
Ticsani
Tutupaca
Yucamane
Casiri, Nevados
Tacora
Taapaca
Parinacota
Guallatiri
Tambo Quemado
Isluga
Tata Sabaya
Jayu Khota, Laguna
Nuevo Mundo
Irruputuncu
Pampa Luxsar
Olca-Paruma
Ollague
Azufre, Cerro del
San Pedro
Putana
Sairecabur
Licancabur
Guayaques
Purico Complex
Colachi
Acamarachi
Overo, Cerro
Chiliques
Lascar
Cordon de Puntas Negras
Miniques
Tujle, Cerro
Caichinque
Tilocalar
Negrillar, El
Pular
Negrillar, La
Socompa
Llullaillaco
Escorial
Lastarria
Cordon del Azufre
Bayo Gorbea, Cerro
Nevada, Sierra
Falso Azufre
Incahuasi, Nevado de
Ojos del Salado, Nevados
Solo, El
Copiapo
Tuzgle
Aracar
Unnamed
Antofagasta Volcanic Field
Condor, El
Peinado
Blanco, Cerro
Tipas
Aucanquilcha
Uturuncu
Easter Island
Tupungatito
San Jose
Maipo
Palomo
Atuel, Caldera del
Risco Plateado
Tinguiririca
Planchon-Peteroa
Infiernillo
Calabozos
Descabezado Grande
Azul, Cerro
Maule, Laguna del
San Pedro-Pellado
Longavi, Nevado de
Blancas, Lomas
Resago, Volcan
Payun Matru
Domuyo
Chillán, Nevados de
Tromen
Antuco
Trolon
Copahue
Callaqui
Mariñaqui, Laguna
Tolguaca
Lonquimay
Tralihue
Blanca, Laguna
Llaima
Sollipulli
Caburgua-Huelemolle
Villarrica
Quetrupillan
Lanin
Huanquihue Group
Mocho-Choshuenco
Carrán-Los Venados
Puyehue-Cordon Caulle
Pantojo, Cerro
Antillanca Group
Puntiagudo-Cordon Cenizos
Osorno
Tronador
Cayutue-La Vigueria
Calbuco
Cuernos del Diablo
Yate
Hornopiren
Apagado
Crater Basalt Volcanic Field
Huequi
Minchinmavida
Chaiten
Yanteles
Corcovado
Palena Volcanic Group
Melimoyu
Puyuhuapi
Mentolat
Cay
Maca
Hudson, Cerro
Río Murta
Arenales
Lautaro
Viedma
Aguilera
Reclus
Meullin
Burney, Monte
Pali-Aike Volcanic Field
Fueguino
Saba
Quill, The
Liamuiga
Nevis Peak
Soufrière Hills
Soufriere Guadeloupe
Diables, Morne aux
Diablotins, Morne
Trois Pitons, Morne
Watt, Morne
Plat Pays, Morne
Pelee
Qualibou
Soufrière St. Vincent
Kick 'em Jenny
St. Catherine
Bouillante Chain
Snaefellsjokull
Helgrindur
Ljosufjoll
Reykjanes
Krysuvik
Brennisteinsfjoll
Hengill
Hrómundartindur
Grimsnes
Prestahnukur
Langjokull
Hofsjokull
Grensdalur
Geysir
Vestmannaeyjar
Eyjafjallajokull
Katla
Tindfjallajokull
Torfajokull
Hekla
Grimsvotn
Bardarbunga
Tungnafellsjokull
Kverkfjoll
Askja
Fremrinamar
Krafla
Theistareykir
Tjornes Fracture Zone
Oraefajokull
Esjufjoll
Kolbeinsey Ridge
Jan Mayen
East Gakkel Ridge at 85°E
Pico Fracture Zone
Flores
Corvo
Fayal
Pico
San Jorge
Graciosa
Terceira
Don Joao de Castro Bank
Sete Cidades
Picos Volcanic System
Agua de Pau
Furnas
Monaco Bank
Madeira
La Palma
Hierro
Tenerife
Gran Canaria
Fuerteventura
Lanzarote
Fogo
Brava
Romanche Fracture Zone
Ascension
Trindade
Unnamed
Tristan da Cunha
Nightingale Island
Bouvet
Buckle Island
Young Island
Sturge Island
Pleiades, The
Unnamed
Melbourne
Unnamed
Morning
Erebus
Royal Society Range
Berlin
Andrus
Waesche
Siple
Toney Mountain
Takahe
Hudson Mountains
Peter I Island
Deception Island
Penguin Island
Bridgeman Island
Paulet
Seal Nunataks Group
Southern Thule
Bristol Island
Montagu Island
Saunders
Candlemas Island
Hodson
Leskov Island
Zavodovski
Protector Seamounts
Rittmann, Mount
James Ross Island
Melville
none
none
Mastin, Larry G.
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Bldg. 10, Suite 100
Vancouver
Washington
98683
USA
360-993-8925
lgmastin@usgs.gov
No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted
No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted
Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2010
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 meteorological model
binary (netcdf)
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://psd/thredds/fileServer/Datasets/ncep.reanalysis/pressure/
numerical
19900101
20091228
current
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1
Input data were contributed by NOAA and NCAR
Data are derived from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 model (Kalnay et al., 1996). It is a global model of meteorological weather patterns developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Center for Environment Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. The model divides the Earth’s atmosphere into a global grid, spaced 2.5 degrees latitude and longitude, and into 17 pressure levels in the atmosphere, from 1000 to 10 hectoPascals (hPa)—roughly from sea level to 34 km elevation. The model covers time periods from January 1, 1948 to the present, at time intervals of every six hours.
For this report, a program was written that reads the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 model output and linearly interpolates to the latitude and longitude of a given volcano. The wind vectors at each pressure level were read, and then averaged over height intervals of 0-5, 5-11, 11-16, 16-24, and >24km above sea level (asl). For each height interval, wind rose plots were generated for three-month quarters of the year that approximately represent the seasons. These quarters are Jan-Feb-Mar, Apr-May-Jun, Jul-Aug-Sep, and Oct-Nov-Dec.
We chose to read the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 meteorology at intervals of 12 hours (0000 and 1200 UTC) for the period January 1, 1990 to December 28, 2009. The 12-hour frequency, and the 20-year time window, were considered the minimum required to capture diurnal fluctuations in wind, and decadal oscillations in climate respectively. For these settings, it took about 3 weeks on a desktop computer to generate this 6 Gb dataset. More frequent readings, over a longer time period, would have slightly improved the statistical distribution at the cost of time and size of the output.
References:
Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.5.1. Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 05 Oct 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-2013
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K.C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D., 1996, The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 77, no. 3, p. 437-471.
2016
The kmz file can be opened in Google Earth or other GIS software. Data associated with each of the world's volcanoes can be viewed by opening a placemark at the relevant volcano.
Raster
Tables with the names "00to-05km.txt", "05to11km.txt", "11to16km.txt", "16to24km.txt", 24to40km.txt"
Tables names refer to a given elevation in the atmosphere. Each table (file) contains the wind vector at that elevation (m/s), twice daily, from 1990 to 2010
Data format was conceived by the author. Values were obtained from NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis meteorological files, as described in the explanation.
Date & time
Date and time (UTC) of the wind vector, in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssZ
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 meteorological model results
1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
Date and time (UTC) of the wind vector, in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssZ
Definition was created by the author
layertop, km
Elevation (km above sea level) of the top of the layer given in this row of data
defined by the author
0
40
kilometers above sea level
n (number of data points used to derive the wind vector in this row)
Number of data points in the NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis 1 model used to derive the wind vector in this row.
defined by the author
0
10
u_wnd (m/s)
East component of the wind vector at this elevation, in meters per second.
defined by the author
-100
100
meters per second
v_wind (m/s)
north component of wind vector at this elevation.
defined by the author
-100
100
meters per second
input.inp
input file used by numerical model to extract data from NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis 1 meteorological model
conceived by the author
volcano name
name of the volcano whose location was used to extract meteorological information
Smithsonian Institution Global Volcano Program database (http://volcano.si.edu/gvp_votw.cfm)
Field contains the names of volcanoes
Longitude of vent
longitude of the volcano
Smithsonian Institution Global Volcano Program database (http://volcano.si.edu/gvp_votw.cfm)
-180
180
degrees
Volcano latitude
latitude of the volcano where meteorological values are read from NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis 1 meteorological files
Smithsonian Institution Global Volcano Program database (http://volcano.si.edu/gvp_votw.cfm)
-90
90
degrees latitude
start year, month, day, and decimal hour (UTC)
Start time of period whose meteorological data is analyzed
defined by the author
1990 01 01 0.00
2009 12 31 0.00
end year, month, day, and decimal hour (UTC)
End time of period whose meteorological data is analyzed
defined by the author
1990 01 01 0.00
2009 12 31 0.00
Langseth, Madison
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
USA
1-888-275-8747
sciencebase@usgs.gov
We do not guarantee that these statistical plots, which are based on historical data from 1990-2010, will be an accurate indicator of the future wind speed or direction.
Virtual globe software, such as Google Earth® or Arc Map®, are required to view the kmz file that comes with this data release. The use of trade names does not constitute endorsement of products.
20200831
Larry Mastin
U.S. Geological Survey
Research Hydrologist
mailing and physical
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Bldg. 10, Suite 100
Vancouver
Washington
98683
USA
360-993-8925
lgmastin@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998