Theodore Kennedy Jeffery Muehlbauer 2016 XML workbook Flagstaff, AZ U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WM1BH4 Theodore A. Kennedy Jeffrey D. Muehlbauer Charles B. Yackulic David A. Lytle Scott W. Miller Kimberly L. Dibble Eric W. Kortenhoeven Anya N. Metcalfe Colden V. Baxter 20160502 Journal manuscript Oxford Academic Online Library BioScience https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw059 Two unique datasets were gathered to document whether flow management for hydropower affects the abundance and diversity of aquatic insect assemblages. The first dataset was collected in Grand Canyon from 2012-2014 by citizen scientists rafting the Colorado River. Simple light traps were set out each night in camp and used to capture the adult life stages of aquatic insects that emerged from the Colorado River. Three aquatic insect taxa were captured in sufficient abundance to analyze statistically including midges (order Diptera, family Chironomidae), micro-caddisflies (order Trichoptera, family Hydroptilidae), and blackflies (order Diptera, family Simuliidae, principally Simulium arcticum). These data were used to identify whether flow management for hydropower at Glen Canyon Dam was affecting the abundance or diversity of aquatic insects throughout the 400 kilometer long Grand Canyon reach of the Colorado River. The second dataset that was gathered represents estimates of aquatic insect diversity across 16 different dam regulated rivers of the western United States. These data were originally collected by various agencies including US Geological Survey personnel, other state and federal agencies, and consulting firms using standard invertebrate sampling methods. These data were collected to document whether flow management for hydropower production affects the abundance and diversity of aquatic insect assemblages in rivers. The purpose of these data is to identify how the abundance and diversity of aquatic insects in regulated rivers is affected by dam operations that maximize hydropower. The citizen science light trapping data from Grand Canyon were used to test predictions of a theoretical model regarding spatial variation in aquatic insect abundance along a river continuum. The regional analysis data also served as a test of our theoretical model and were used to evaluate whether insect diversity varies in response to the intensity of hydropower generation. These data can be used to examine spatial or temporal patterns in aquatic insect abundance throughout Grand Canyon and regulated rivers of the Western United States, and were used to identify the role that flow management from dams plays in determining aquatic insect abundance and diversity specifically for the associated manuscript, Kennedy, T.A., J.D. Muehlbauer, C.B. Yackulic, D.A. Lytle, S.W. Miller, K.L. Dibble, E.W. Kortenhoeven, A.N. Metcalfe, C.V.Baxter. 2016. Flow management for hydropower extirpates aquatic insects, undermining river food webs. BioScience. The data are specific to these locations and dates, and any other use of these data would be inappropriate. See 'Distribution liability' statements for more information. 20120412 20141031 ground condition Complete Not planned -119.326175016 -106.769001941 48.410122103 36.015607371 USGS Thesaurus Adult aquatic insects Biodiversity Biological traits Citizen science Dam EPT EPT taxa Ephemeroptera Flood elevation High water line Light trapping data Light traps Plecoptera River River ecology Trichoptera USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:570fe1a6e4b0ef3b7ca3580c Geographic Names Information System Arizona California Causey Dam Colorado Colorado Plateau Colorado River Crystal Dam Deer Creek Dam Echo Dam Flaming Gorge Dam Fontenelle Dam Glen Canyon Dam Grand Canyon Green River Gunnison River Holter Dam Hoover Dam Idaho Kootenai River Libby Dam Lower Provo River Missouri River Montana Navajo Dam Nevada New Mexico Ogden River Oregon Owyhee Dam Owyhee River Pine Flat Dam San Juan River Starvation Dam Strawberry River Tongue Dam Tongue River United States Utah Wanship Dam Weber River Western United States Wyoming none none Theodore Kennedy U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center mailing and physical

2255 N. Gemini Drive

Flagstaff Arizona 86001 United States 928-556-7094 tkennedy@usgs.gov Funding for this project: Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, Southwest Biological Science Center, and Western Area Power Administration. Kimberly L. Dibble Charles B. Yackulic Theodore A. Kennedy Phaedra Budy 2015 Wiley Online Library Ecological Applications http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-2211.1 Daren M. Carlisle Michael R. Meador Terry M. Short Cathy M. Tate Martin E. Gurtz Wade L. Bryant James A. Falcone Michael D. Woodside 2013 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1391/ Daren M. Carlisle Michael R. Meador Terry M. Short Cathy M. Tate Martin E. Gurtz Wade L. Bryant James A. Falcone Michael D. Woodside 2010 Wiley Online Library Freshwater Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02369.x Five percent of the attribute values in the ACCESS database were randomly checked for accuracy and no data entry errors were found. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Data acquisition/collection: We recruited citizen scientists to the project using an outreach video and through advertisement in Grand Canyon rafting publications. Citizen science light trapping occurred from April-October in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Light traps consisted of a small plastic storage container and a fluorescent light that was placed along the short edge of the container. Citizen scientists were provided with a table of sunset times to facilitate consistent timing of trap deployment, and were instructed to turn on light traps within one hour after nautical sunset. At the start of each deployment, citizen scientists poured the contents of a 250-mL bottle prefilled with 95% ethanol into the plastic container and turned on the light. After one hour, lights were turned off and the contents were poured back into the 250-mL bottle for storage. Citizen scientists used the map books to identify the river mile where they were camping that night when samples were collected. The regional analysis data were obtained in digital format from other scientists 20141031 Laboratory Analysis: In the laboratory, insects were counted and identified to family. Data was recorded on laboratory processing datasheets. Both laboratory datasheets and field datasheets were then entered into an Access database. For Quality Assurance/Quality Control, 5% of database entries were double checked for accuracy and completeness. Access databases were then exported to Excel xml workbooks. 2014 Regional Analysis: We additionally tested predictions of our life history-hydrodynamic model by comparing insect diversity among large, dammed rivers in the Western United States that vary in the degree of hydropeaking. For this test, we quantified the degree of hydropeaking across rivers using a hydropeaking index: the daily coefficient of variation in discharge averaged over 5+ years (Dibble et al. 2015). We obtained sub-daily (15, 30, 60 minute) discharge data and available raw benthic invertebrate data from government agency databases, hydroelectricity companies, private consulting firms, universities, and individual scientists. We used EPT percent abundance, computed as the mean of all available benthic samples across years, as our metric for assessing insect diversity. EPT percent abundance is widely used in river bioassessment investigations (Carlisle et al. 2013) and our use of it in this analysis is in line with earlier discussion about the propensity of these taxa to cement eggs on shallow substrates that are vulnerable to hydropeaking desiccation (Statzner and Beche 2010). To ensure that the dataset contained only high quality data that were comparable in terms of collection methods, sampling effort, and spatial context, the suite of available raw data was subset to include only benthic data (i.e., no water column drift samples), only dams with at least three discrete samples, and only samples collected within 50 km downstream of the dam. This resulted in a final dataset of 1267 samples across 16 dams, 14 rivers, and 9 states throughout the Western United States. 2014 Data entry: Create EXCEL workbook with 2 worksheets (Data and Regional Data) and input field and additional scientists data into the appropriate worksheets. Citizen science light trap data were entered into Access from paper datasheets by a trained technician. The final regional analysis Excel workbook was created by computing EPT percent abundance for each individual sample, where each row in the workbook represents a unique sample. Additional columns included in the workbook include the hydropeaking index value for that location (i.e., the daily coefficient of variation in discharge averaged over 5+ years of flow data), the height of the dam, the width of the river, the name of the river, the associated symbol in figure 6 of the manuscript, the Latitude and Longitude for the dam, the number of unique samples for that dam (n), and the standard deviation of EPT percent abundance. 20150101 Data Quality Assessment and Control. Five percent of the attribute values in the ACCESS database were randomly checked for accuracy and no data entry errors were found. GCMRC GIS Coordinator checked all location data for accuracy by verifying that sample collection locations corresponded with known campsites. For the regional analysis data, adjustments were made to the geographic locations of the data to avoid overlapping points on the map that is included in manuscript, but the data being released has the correct geographic locations for all points. These locations have been verified for accuracy by SBSC Geographer. Provide visual assessment of spreadsheets and worksheets for completeness all fields, appropriate range and format of records, and ND entries for missing data. 20150101 Finalize workbook for dissemination: No additional steps taken. Data sent to the Southwest Biological Science Center Data Steward for dissemination and preservation per USGS Interim Memorandum Policies, IM OSQI 2015-01, IM OSQI 2015-02, IM OSQI 2015-03 & IM OSQI 2015-04 (January 2015). 20160419 Locations of citizen science data collections were facilitated using detailed mapbooks of aerial photographs that included the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center river mile center line. Citizen scientists used the map books to identify the river mile where they were camping that night when samples were collected. GCMRC GIS Coordinator checked all location data for accuracy by verifying that sample collection locations corresponded with known campsites. I converted these river mile locations to values representing kilometers downstream from Glen Canyon Dam by multiplying each river mile value by 1.61 (to convert to kilometers) and adding 25.1 (distance in kilometers from Glen Canyon Dam to Lees Ferry, which is river mile zero in the GCMRC river mileage system). The geographic extent of these data include the Colorado River region downstream from Glen Canyon Dam in Grand Canyon, and 16 dam locations in the western United States. Point 0.00001 0.00001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257223563 Data These data represent catches of adult aquatic insects collected in light traps that were deployed along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon by citizen scientists. Various citizen scientists Access_ID Identification number of sample in Access database Producer defined 1 3284 Number Date Date sample was collected Producer defined 04/13/2012 10/31/2014 mm/dd/yyyy Day_of_year Day of year that sample was collected Producer defined 92 304 number River_kilometer Location where sample was collect. Units = kilometers downstream from Glen Canyon Dam Producer Defined 5.7924 389.13665 kilometers Deployment_location Stage elevation of the sample collection. Producer defined Flood_elevation sample was collected upslope from the river and at the approximate stage elevation of controlled flood releases Producer defined High_water_line sample was collected at the river's edge Producer defined Geomorphic_reach The geomorphic reach that the sample was collected from. Producer defined There are 12 geomorphic reaches in Grand Canyon that are defined by bedrock geology. River_slope The slope of the river surface at the location where the trap was collected Producer defined 0 0.030913142 meter/meters Discharge_at_dusk Standardized discharge at dusk. Value represent the river discharge at dusk minus the minimum daily discharge for that location. Producer defined 0 225.8997685 m3/s Distance_to_tributary Distance from the sample location to the nearest tributary with a baseflow discharge of 1 m3/s. Producer defined 0 41.09386085 kilometers Time_open Time that the sample collection began. 24 hour clock. Producer defined 04:03 22:25 hh:mm Total_time Total duration of the sample collection. Units are hours and decimals of hours. Producer defined 0.5 1.5 hours/decimal hours Hydroptilidae Number of Hydroptilidae adults that were captured in the light trap sample. Hydroptilidae are a large family of caddisflies (Trichoptera) with a worldwide distribution. They are commonly known as microcaddisflies or purse-case caddisflies Producer defined 0 5333 number Chironomidae Number of Chironomidae adults that were captured in the light trap sample. Chironomidae (informally known as chironomids or nonbiting midges) are a family of nematoceran flies with a global distribution Producer defined 0 17934 number Simulium Number of Simulium adults that were captured in the light trap sample. Simulium is a genus of black flies. It is a large genus with several hundred species, and 41 subgenera Producer defined 0 394 number Regional Analysis Data These data represent the proportional abundance of ephemeroptera, plecoptera and trichoptera (EPT) taxa (i.e., mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies) in rivers of the western United States that span a range of hydropower generation intensity. Producer defined Letter_in_figure_6 The corresponding letter in figure 6 of the manuscript Producer defined Letters A through P Dam The name of the dam Producer defined The name of the dam River The name of the river Producer defined The name of the river Latitude The latitude in WGS84 Producer defined 36.0147 48.3998 Number Longitude The longitude in WGS84 Producer defined -106.7683 -119.3281 number Hydropeaking_index The degree of hydropeaking at the sample location. This value represents the coefficient of variation in discharge on each day averaged over 5+ years of flow data. Unitless. Producer defined 0.0098 0.5560 Number Dam_height_m Height of the dam in meters. Producer defined 27.7368 221.2848 Number Channel_width_m Width of the river in meters. Producer defined 15 134 Number EPT_abundance Mean abundance of EPT taxa across all samples available for that site. Units are proportion. EPT taxa are mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and Caddisflies (Trichoptera). Value represents the proportion of invertebrates in a sample that are from EPT taxa relative to the total number of invertebrates in the sample. Producer defined 0 0.7129 Mean/Number n_EPT_data Number of individual samples that were available from each site. Producer defined 3 364 number U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The authors of these data request that data users contact them regarding intended use and to assist with understanding limitations and interpretation. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. 20200827 Terry Arundel U.S. Geological Survey Geographer mailing and physical

2255 N. Gemini Drive

Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA 928-556-7174 tarundel@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998