Claire R. Tiedeman 2022 groundwater model Reston, VA, USA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P93DZ84P Tiedeman, Claire R. Shapiro, Allen M. 2022 Journal article Groundwater January 05, 2022, SN - 0017-467X, pages 55 New York, NY John Wiley and Sons https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169 MODFLOW-NWT groundwater flow models and MODPATH6 particle tracking simulations were developed to determine contributing areas (CAs) for and advective travel times to domestic wells under extreme recharge events in a small hypothetical watershed underlain by dipping sedimentary rocks. The hypothetical models are based on hydrogeologic conditions in the Newark Basin, located in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, USA. During extreme recharge events, groundwater supply wells have increased vulnerability to contaminants or pathogens originating at land surface that are flushed into the subsurface. Fractured-rock aquifers are particularly vulnerable because transport to wells can be very fast owing to preferential flow paths through high-permeability fractures with small effective porosities. A base case (BC) scenario was developed in which the flow models simulate transient extreme recharge events and twice daily pumping, and the particle tracking uses a porosity of 0.0001. Alternate transient scenarios were developed in which the models have fewer vertical fractures (FewVF), increased recharge (Rch6.4), or larger effective porosity (Por.001), and an alternate steady-state scenario (StSt) was developed that uses long-term average recharge and pumping rates. For the BC and StSt scenarios, MODFLOW-NWT simulations were run for 48 different pumping well locations (24 shallow well locations and 24 mid-depth well locations). For the FewVF and Rch6.4 scenarios, MODFLOW-NWT simulations were run for the 24 mid-depth well locations. For all scenarios, MODPATH simulations were conducted to define the CAs, the travel times from the CAs to the well, and the arrival times at the well. Transient simulations used hourly releases of particles at the water table throughout the extreme recharge event. The StSt scenario had a single release at the beginning of the simulations. Software tools are provided in this data release to post-process the MODPATH results and produce figures similar to those in the companion journal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169). This USGS data release contains all the input and selected output files for the simulations described in the companion journal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169). The groundwater models were developed to evaluate controls on contributing areas and associated travel times for domestic pumping wells in shallow fractured-rock aquifers. The development of the model input and output files included in this data release are documented in the companion journal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169). Support is provided for correcting errors in the data release and clarification of the modeling conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Users are encouraged to review the companion journal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169) to understand the purpose, construction, and limitations of this model. The model will run successfully only if the original directory structure is correctly restored. The model archive is broken into several pieces to reduce the likelihood of download timeouts. Instructions for reconstructing the original directory structure and running the model included in this data release and described in the companion journal article can be found in the readme.txt ASCII file which can be downloaded as part of this data release. 2022 publication date Complete Not planned -76.323456 -73.880117 41.207338 39.997929 USGS Thesaurus usgsgroundwatermodel MODFLOW-NWT MODPATH6 Groundwater InlandWaters Groundwater Model contributing area particle tracking ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation inlandWaters environment USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:0e512c95-6c26-4f61-94ae-caebf4e7b54d Geographic Names Information System Newark Basin None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from this data release. none Claire R. Tiedeman U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

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Moffett Field CA 94035 USA 650-439-2583 tiedeman@usgs.gov https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/tiedeman2022_groundwaterThumbnail.jpg Image of the model domain and active area of the model. jpg U.S. Geological Survey No calibration was done for this study. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and the companion journal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169) for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted The processes used to develop and simulate the models are fully described in the companion journal article (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13169). 2021 raster pixel NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_18N 0.9996 -75.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 2.0 2.0 meters North American Vertical Datum of 1988 1.0 feet Attribute values tiedeman2022_groundwater.shp ESRI Polygon shapefile U.S. Geological Survey Area Text string indicating a region that could contain an active polygon area representative of the hypothetical models. Value usgsgroundwatermodel Polygon outlining the area of the Newark Basin, located in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania Shape Tiedeman, C.R., 2022, MODFLOW-NWT and MODPATH6 models used to simulate contributing areas in hypothetical sedimentary rock aquifers under extreme recharge events: U.S. Geological Survey data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P93DZ84P U.S. Geological Survey Michael Ierardi IT Specialist mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) mierardi@usgs.gov The data have been approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although the data have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from authorized or unauthorized use. Although the data, software, and related material have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. readme.txt none ASCII text file This ASCII text file describes the model data release. This file also includes instructions on how to run the models contained in this data release. .036 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/readme.txt modelgeoref.txt none ASCII text file This ASCII text file defines a rectangle encompassing the Newark Basin. 0.001 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/modelgeoref.txt ancillary.zip none ZIP This ZIP file contains software and a script, for visualizing the results of the MODPATH6 simulations included in this data release. 422.6 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/ancillary.zip bin.zip none ZIP file ZIP file containing the binary executable files for MODFLOW-NWT (version 1.2.0) and MODPATH6 (version 6.0.01) used for the groundwater flow and particle tracking simulations included in this data release. 4.0 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/bin.zip georef.zip none ZIP file ZIP file containing a shapefile that defines a rectangle outlining the Newark Basin. 0.005 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/georef.zip model.zip none ZIP file ZIP file containing MODFLOW-NWT and MODPATH6 input files for simulations included in this data release. 24.9 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/model.zip output.zip none ZIP file ZIP file containing containing MODFLOW-NWT and MODPATH6 output files for simulations included in this data release. 1567.3 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/output.zip source.zip none ZIP file ZIP file containing source files for standard code versions of MODFLOW-NWT (version 1.2.0) and MODPATH6 (version 6.0.01) used to run the simulations included in this data release. 426.0 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwmodels/tiedeman2022_groundwater/source.zip None 20220104 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) mierardi@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998