Stephen T. Bosse James G. Flocks Arnell S. Forde 20180201 Multimedia presentation U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F7NP23H4 St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey 2018a https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NP23H4 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program has actively collected geophysical and sedimentological data in the northern Gulf of Mexico for several decades, including shallow subsurface data in the form of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles (HRSP). Prior to the mid-1990s most HRSP data were collected in analog format as paper rolls of continuous profiles up to 25 meters long. As part of the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program (https://datapreservation.usgs.gov/), and in collaboration with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Marine Minerals Program, scientists at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center are converting the analog paper records to digital format using a large-format continuous scanner. The image files created by scanning were further processed to fix distortions and crop out blank spaces to create industry standard Society of Exploration Geophysicists date exchange (SEG-Y) format. This data release serves as an archive of HRSP profiles annotated with header information, converted Society of Exploration Geophysicists SEG-Y files, navigation data, and cruise trackline shapefiles. The HRSP data were collected using a Huntec boomer seismic system onboard the Research Vessels (R/V) R.J. Russell and Carancahua. While on the R/V R.J. Russel, geophysical surveys were conducted at various times between December 1982 and July 1984 with the data being acquired from waterbodies surrounding Isles Dernieres (Lacoss 82-2, 83-3 and 83-4), within Terrebonne and Caillou Bay (82-2), and offshore of Port Fourchon, Louisiana (84-5). While on the R/V Carancahua, geophysical surveys were collected between August and September 1982 off the coast of Holly Beach, Louisiana (82-3). Data collection and processing methods are described in USGS Data Series 1047. To archive all digitized analog boomer seismic profile data and associated files collected along the northern Gulf of Mexico, during the Lacoss cruises. The USGS Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) currently holds 13 major geophysical surveys from the northern Gulf of Mexico in its paper repository. A conservative estimate of 2,000 line-kilometers (km) of data are available. Paper copies of data are difficult and expensive to duplicate and share with other facilities, and cannot be analyzed using standard geographic information system (GIS) and interpretative software. Conversion of these data into a usable digital format is necessary to archive the geologic information that otherwise might be lost, requiring additional redundant and expensive marine geophysical surveys. The USGS National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program (NGGDPP, http://datapreservation.usgs.gov) addresses the need to preserve, catalog, and provide access to geological and geophysical data for scientific research and economic development. In addition to the current efforts under the NGGDPP, four geophysical investigations from the 1980s and 1990s were previously archived through a preservation project in collaboration with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Harrison and others, 2007; Sanford and others, 2009a, b, c). The USGS SPCMSC scans its analog HRSP holdings using a large-format continuous scanner. The analog to digital conversion process used for this dataset is similar to the processes used previously in Harrison and others (2007) and Sanford and others (2009a, b, c). The digital files were converted into Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) for standard accessibility by raster image processors. The TIFF images of the seismic profiles were also converted into SEG-Y format. This standard non-proprietary format is the accepted industry standard for seismic data, and can be accessed by all major seismic data processing and interpretation systems. Accompanying the HRSP are navigation and metadata files, which are generated for use in GIS, database and Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) services. Processed seismic profile images are also provided. The processed profiles provided in this data release are Portable Document Format (PDF) images that were created using Seismic Unix and/or Imagemagick software. The northern Gulf of Mexico is a passive continental margin, where minimal structural change to the shallow stratigraphy has occurred during the last few thousand years (Anderson and others, 2004). Therefore, subsurface data collected from this environment for the purposes of geologic assessment can be considered useful in perpetuity. The geologic information collected by the USGS in the northern Gulf of Mexico remains a valuable resource for seafloor and stratigraphic investigations, and is continuously revisited by researchers interested in Holocene and recent earth processes. For example, decades-old geologic data are commonly used in sediment resource studies in coastal Louisiana (for example, Kindinger and others, 2001; Kulp and others, 2002; Rogers and others, 2009) and previously collected datasets across the Mississippi-Alabama shelf have been used in recent geologic-framework assessments (Roberts and others, 2004; Greene and others, 2007; Flocks and others, 2011). The seismic data were collected using a single-channel Huntec boomer/benthos hydrophone system with an Ocean Research Equipment (ORE) Geopulse power supply. The system consists of an electromagnetic sound source mounted on a catamaran sled towed behind the vessel at the water surface. The signal emitted from the sound source is received by a 5 meter (m)-long hydrophone streamer towed alongside the sled. The received signal is processed into response amplitudes via a topside computer running the acquisition software; the settings varied by cruise. The seismic data were printed onto paper rolls as two-dimensional profiles representing track length and depth (time). Geographic positioning of the system was collected using a long-range navigation (LORAN) system and annotated onto the paper copies. 19820828 19821205 19830630 19830916 19840720 ground condition Complete None planned -93.74829 -89.99125 29.78429 28.38948 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:00ac00a5-2c45-4357-875c-a8b13557c416 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation oceans None Coastal Marine Seismic reflection Society of Exploration Geophysicists SEG-Y BIM (Barrier Island Mapping) Lacoss R/V R.J. Russell R/V Carancahua USGS Thesaurus marine geology geology sediment transport ocean processes Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Content United States of America Gulf of Mexico Louisiana Caillou Bay Terrebonne Bay Port Fourchon Isles Dernieres Holly Beach None. These data are held in the public domain. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Stephen T. Bosse Cherokee Nation Technologies/U.S. Geological Survey Researcher I mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC). Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552 Anderson, J.B., Rodriguez, A., Abdulah, K.C., Fillon, R.H., Banfield, L.A., McKeown, H.A., and Wellner, J.S. 2004 Society for Sedimentary Geology 79 pages 1-23 https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.04.79.0001 Barry, K.M., Cavers, D.A., and Kneale, C.W. 1975 Geophysics v. 40, no. 2 pages 344-352 http://library.seg.org/doi/pdf/10.1190/1.1440530 Bosse, S.T., Flocks, J.G., and Forde, A.S. 20170421 U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1047 St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1047 Flocks, J.G., Ferina, N.F., and Kindinger, J.L. 2009 College Station, Texas, Texas A&M University Press 3 pages 157-173 https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1783 Greene, D.L., Jr., Rodriquez, A.B., and Anderson, J.B. 2007 Journal of Sedimentary Research 77 pages 139-158 http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/content/77/2/139 Harrison, A.S., Dadisman, S.V., Kindinger, J.L., Morton, R.A., Blum, M.D., Wiese, D.S., and Subino, J.A. 2007 U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 296 https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/296/ Kindinger, J.L., Flocks, J.G., Kulp, M.A., Penland, P.S., and Britsch, L.D. 2001 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-384 69 pages https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr01384 Kulp, M.A., Howell, P.D., Adiau, S., Penland, P.S., Kindinger, J.L., and Williams, S.J. 2002 Gulf Coast Association of Geological Society Transactions 52 pages 573-582 http://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/052/052001/0573.htm#a1 Roberts, H.H., Fillon, R.H., Kohl, B., Robalin, J.M., and Sydow, J.C. 2004 Society for Sedimentary Geology 79 pages 142-189 http://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm_sp/SP79/Depositional_Architecture_of_the_Lagniappe_Delta.pdf Rogers, B.E., Kulp, M.A., and Miner, M.D. 2009 Geo-Marine Letters 29 pages 379-394 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00367-009-0162-6 Sanford, J.M., Harrison, A.S., Wiese, D.S., and Flocks, J.G. 2009 U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 429 2009a https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/429/ Sanford, J.M., Harrison, A.S., Wiese, D.S., and Flocks, J.G. 2009 U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 428 2009b https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/428/ Sanford, J.M., Harrison, A.S., Wiese, D.S., and Flocks, J.G. 2009 U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 370 2009c https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/370/ The validity or accuracy of boomer profiling data is highly qualitative and depends on equipment and operating condition variables. Visual inspection of the images rendered from the data did not show any major anomalies. This dataset is from five field activities with consistent instrument calibrations. These data were collected along tracklines (2-D) and are therefore inherently incomplete. As the seismic reflection data were acquired, the position of the vessel was recorded using a LORAN-C system. The accuracy of the LORAN-C varied from 528 to 1,320 feet (ft), with repeatable accuracy between 60 and 300 ft. Positions were recorded in latitude and longitude coordinates every five minutes and appear on the seismic profiles as incremental, hand-annotated vertical event marks. The datum in which these were recorded is unknown. Navigation data were obtained as .dat files and saved as tab-delimitated text files. For the Lacoss 82-3 cruise, there were no navigation records on file. Therefore, the navigation data were acquired by georectifying an accompanying analog trackline map using the WGS84 geographic coordinate system, which was then converted to NAD83. These data are not to be used for bathymetry. Two-way travel (TWT) times shown on the printable profile images are relative to local sea level at the time of data acquisition. Raw Data Scanning - The analog seismic data collected during each survey are currently located in the SPCMSC archives and arranged in cruise-specific storage boxes. The analog boomer data are in the form of 50 centimeter (cm)-wide paper rolls, paper fan-folds, and vellum rolls. The various rolls can be up to 20 m long and contain multiple seismic tracklines. The rolls contain the seismic profile image with pertinent collection characteristics annotated during acquisition, such as shot number and time and may also include environmental conditions and equipment details. Horizontal lines across the profiles represent two-way travel time in milliseconds (ms), and vertical lines represent navigation fixes acquired and annotated as the survey was underway. The raw data was scanned on a Contex SD 3600 continuous-feed scanner. Using the NEXTimage 4 program (Contex), the scans were saved as 8-bit grey-scale TIFF files at 300 dots-per-inch (dpi) resolution. In order to minimize the final image file size for archiving, a batch conversion program was used to reduce the resolution to 210 dpi. The raw navigation data were imported into Esri ArcGIS version 10.3 as point data. For mapping trackline purposes, the point shapefiles were converted to lines using the “make polylines from points” tool from the XTools Pro toolbar. TIFF 2017 Stephen T. Bosse Cherokee Nation Technologies/U.S. Geological Survey Researcher I mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov Cropping - The scanned TIFF images were imported into Adobe Photoshop (Ps) Creative Cloud 2017 and blank edge areas were cropped out to further reduce file sizes. For rolls that included more than one line of seismic data, the file was separated into individual lines. Separation was completed by cropping everything except for the line of interest, determined by the raw navigation information, from the original scan and saving it as a new file with its associated line name. The file naming convention is as follows: CruiseID-DataAssociation_trackline#.tif (for example, Lacoss82_2-SEGY_4.tif). It includes the cruise identification (Lacoss82-2), data association(PWH [profiles with headers] or SEGY), and trackline number (sometimes this also includes a subsection letter after the line number for tracklines split between multiple rolls). TIFF 2017 Stephen T. Bosse Cherokee Nation Technologies/U.S. Geological Survey Researcher I mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov Headers - Each image of the scanned seismic profiles also includes a header with associated information including cruise- and line-specific information and processing details. The header files were created in Microsoft Word 2010, exported as PDF files, appended to the far left of the image frame in Adobe Photoshop, and then flattened onto the image to reduce file size. The final TIFF images with attached header files are available for download from Bosse and others (2018a). 2017 CruiseID-PWH_trackline#.tif Stephen T. Bosse Cherokee Nation Technologies/U.S. Geological Survey Researcher I mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov Correcting Scan Distortion - Distortion correction is necessary because it is difficult to ensure vellum rolls are fed into the scanner straight. Therefore, a reference line was placed over the 0 ms line (water level) on the scan. It is important that horizontal lines are perpendicular to the vertical lines on the scans or the image to SEG-Y conversion will not be accurate. The distortion was corrected by using the Rectangular Marquee Tool in Adobe Photoshop to select and create a new layer of the distorted area of the scan. A skewed transform was performed and the corrected images were saved into a new folder without layers (flattened) to reduce file size. TIFF 2017 Stephen T. Bosse Cherokee Nation Technologies/U.S. Geological Survey Researcher I mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov Image to SEG-Y - The scanned, distortion-corrected images were converted to digital SEG-Y (.seg) format (revision 0) (Barry and others, 1975) using the proprietary software ImageToSEGY 2.2 (Chesapeake Technology). The scanned images were opened in ImageToSEGY and the export area was defined by assigning values to the top, bottom, left, and right pixel locations using the imaged water surface (0 ms), maximum two-way travel time (for example 112.5 ms) and raw navigation data for each line. Trace amplitudes in the scanned profiles are represented by pixels, so each pixel becomes a trace sample and the sample rate of the converted SEG-Y version is the record length divided by the number of vertical pixels in the profile. For example, if the profile is 4,435 pixels vertically and the two-way travel time is 112.5 ms, then the sample rate for the SEG-Y file version is 0.000025 s. SEG 2017 CruiseID-SEGY_trackline#.seg Stephen T. Bosse Cherokee Nation Technologies/U.S. Geological Survey Researcher I mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov Process_Description: Seismic processing: The SEG Y data were processed with Seismic Unix (Release 44) software to produce PDF images of the seismic profiles included in this data release. A representative data processing sequence consisted of (1) converting the SEG Y file to SU format, (2) applying horizontal (number of traces) and vertical (two-way travel time) scales and generating a PostScript image of the traces, (3) converting the header file to a PostScript image then merging with the seismic image, and (4) converting the merged PostScript image to a PDF file. SEG Y 2017 *_scale.pdf James G. Flocks U.S. Geological Survey Research Geologist mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 (727) 502-8000 jflocks@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20201013 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Point Entity Point 1921 0.0197919601 0.0225194781 Decimal seconds North American Datum 1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 Lacoss82-2_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss82-3_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss83-3_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss83-4_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss84-5_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss82-2_Navigation.xls, Lacoss82-3_Navigation.xls, Lacoss83-3_Navigation.xls, Lacoss83-4_Navigation.xls, Lacoss84-5_Navigation.xls Shapefile containing seismic profile data and navigation Excel files USGS FID Feature ID Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated Shape Feature geometry Esri Point Latitude Latitude (NAD83) USGS 28.38948 29.78429 Decimal Degrees Longitude Longitude (NAD83) USGS -93.74829 -89.99125 Decimal Degrees Time HH:MM (Z) USGS 00:00 23:55 Date Date associated with each shot USGS 04/18/1981 07/27/1991 Tape Tape number USGS 1 7 Line Line number USGS Character string representing unique line numbers. Stephen T. Bosse U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov This report is available online. The SEG-Y files are downloadable from the Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System. Lacoss82-2_SEGY_*.seg, Lacoss82-3_SEGY_*.seg, Lacoss83-3_SEGY_*.seg, Lacoss83-4_SEGY_*.seg, Lacoss84-5_SEGY_*.seg, Lacoss82-2_PWH_*.tif, Lacoss82-3_PWH_*.tif, Lacoss83-3_PWH_*.tif, Lacoss83-4_PWH_*.tif, Lacoss84-5_PWH_*.tif, Lacoss82-2_Navigation.xls, Lacoss82-3_Navigation.xls, Lacoss83-3_Navigation.xls, Lacoss83-4_Navigation.xls, Lacoss84-5_Navigation.xls, Lacoss82-2_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss82-3_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss83-3_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss83-4_CruiseShapefiles.shp, Lacoss84-5_CruiseShapefiles.shp This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. SEG-Y, TIFF, shapefile, .xls The SEG-Y rev. 0 format (Barry and others, 1975) presented here consists of the following: a 3,600-byte reel identification header, with the first 3,200 bytes consisting of an ASCII header block followed by a 400-byte binary header block, both of which include information specific to line and reel number; a trace data block that follows the reel identification header, with the first 240 bytes of each trace block consisting of the binary trace identification header; and seismic data samples that follow the trace identification header. Unzip 5707 https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss82-2_SEGY.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss82-3_SEGY.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss83-3_SEGY.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss83-4_SEGY.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss84-5_SEGY.zip SHP The GIS project used to create the trackline map includes an Esri shapefile and metadata. Map documents (not included) were created with Esri ArcGIS 10.3 software. The provided shapefile may also be viewed using other versions of Esri desktop software including their free software or ArcGIS Explorer (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/explorer/index.html). unzip 13.1 https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss82-2_CruiseShapefiles.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss82-3_CruiseShapefiles.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss83-3_CruiseShapefiles.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss83-4_CruiseShapefiles.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NP23H4/data/Lacoss84-5_CruiseShapefiles.zip None, if obtained online; otherwise, prices vary. Use of SEG-Y data requires specialized seismic processing software, such as public domain software Seismic Unix (http://www.cwp.mines.edu/cwpcodes/index.html). 20201013 Stephen T. Bosse Cherokee Nation Technologies/U.S. Geological Survey Researcher I mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727) 502-8000 sbosse@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998